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1.
An. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Asunción) ; 56(2): 46-55, 20230801.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451134

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En las enfermedades neuromusculares la disminución de la capacidad vital se relaciona con disminución de la capacidad tusígena y luego ventilatoria, la combinación de ambas genera complicaciones graves por falla ventilatoria. En los pacientes que son intubados, limita la extubación, sino se realizan cuidados respiratorios especializados. El conocimiento y aplicación de los profesionales que atienden a estos pacientes en cuidados intensivos resulta esencial. Objetivos: Reportar el conocimiento y aplicación especializada de cuidados respiratorios en enfermedades neuromusculares en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal, no probabilístico, a criterio. La población accesible fueron profesionales de la Salud de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, y el análisis de las respuestas de una encuesta estructurada, enviada a distintos profesionales a nivel mundial. Resultados: Se incluyeron los cuestionarios de 41 profesionales, el 34% de los profesionales reportaron la utilización regular de Asistente Mecánico de la Tos; 22% refirieron la utilización regular de apilamiento de aire; 31% reportaron la utilización regular de Asistencia Ventilatoria No Invasiva, 56.1% de los profesionales afirmaron conocer la diferencia entre Ventilación No Invasiva y Soporte Ventilatorio No Invasivo, 34% de los profesionales refirieron tener formación especializada en el área. Conclusión: Pese a existir una alta proporción de profesionales con conocimiento especializado, un grupo importante no los aplica rutinariamente. La justificación es principalmente por la dificultad de adquisición y financiación de los equipos necesarios.


Introduction: In neuromuscular diseases, the decrease in vital capacity relates to decreased coughing and then ventilatory capacity, the combination of both generating serious complications due to ventilatory failure. In intubated patients, the extubation process is difficult unless specialized respiratory care is provided. The knowledge and treatment application of the professionals who care for these patients in intensive care is of outmost importance. Objectives: Report the knowledge and specialized application of respiratory care in neuromuscular diseases in Intensive Care Units. Materials and methods: Qualitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, non-probabilistic study, at criteria. The accessible population were Health professionals from the Intensive Care Units, and the analysis of the responses of a structured survey, sent to different professionals worldwide. Results: The questionnaires of 41 professionals were included, 34% of the professionals reported the regular use of the Mechanical Cough Assistant; 22% reported the regular use of air stacking; 31% reported the regular use of Non-Invasive Ventilatory Assistance. 56.1% of the professionals stated that they knew the difference between Non-Invasive Ventilation and Non-Invasive Ventilatory Support, 34% of the professionals reported having specialized training in the area. Conclusion: Despite the existence of a high proportion of professionals with specialized knowledge, an important group does not routinely apply them. The justification is mainly due to the difficulty of acquiring and financing the necessary equipment.

2.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447184

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En las enfermedades neuromusculares la disminución de la capacidad vital se relaciona con dismunición de la capacidad tusígena y luego ventilatoria, la combinación de ambas genera complicaciones graves por falla ventilatoria. En los pacientes que son intubados, limita la extubación, sino se realizan cuidados respiratorios especializados. El conocimiento y aplicación de los profesionales que atienden a estos pacientes en cuidados intensivos resulta esencial. Objetivos: Reportar el conocimiento y aplicación especializada de cuidados respiratorios en enfermedades neuromusculares en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal, no probabilístico, a criterio. La población accesible fueron profesionales de la Salud de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, y el análisis de las respuestas de una encuesta estructurada, enviada a distintos profesionales a nivel mundial. Resultados: Se incluyeron los cuestionarios de 41 profesionales, el 34% de los profesionales reportaron la utilización regular de Asistente Mecánico de la Tos; 22% refirieron la utilización regular de apilamiento de aire; 31% reportaron la utilización regular de Asistencia Ventilatoria No Invasiva, 56.1% de los profesionales afirmaron conocer la diferencia entre Ventilación No Invasiva y Soporte Ventilatorio No Invasivo, 34% de los profesionales refirieron tener formación especializada en el área. Conclusión: Pese a existir una alta proporción de profesionales con conocimiento especializado, un grupo importante no los aplica rutinariamente. La justificación es principalmente por la dificultad de adquisición y financiación de los equipos necesarios.


Introduction: In neuromuscular diseases, the decrease in vital capacity relates to decreased coughing and then ventilatory capacity, the combination of both generating serious complications due to ventilatory failure. In intubated patients, the extubation process is difficult unless specialized respiratory care is provided. The knowledge and treatment application of the professionals who care for these patients in intensive care is of outmost importance. Objectives: Report the knowledge and specialized application of respiratory care in neuromuscular diseases in Intensive Care Units. Materials and methods: Qualitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, non-probabilistic study, at criteria. The accessible population were Health professionals from the Intensive Care Units, and the analysis of the responses of a structured survey, sent to different professionals worldwide. Results: The questionnaires of 41 professionals were included, 34% of the professionals reported the regular use of the Mechanical Cough Assistant; 22% reported the regular use of air stacking; 31% reported the regular use of Non-Invasive Ventilatory Assistance. 56.1% of the professionals stated that they knew the difference between Non-Invasive Ventilation and Non-Invasive Ventilatory Support, 34% of the professionals reported having specialized training in the area. Conclusion: Despite the existence of a high proportion of professionals with specialized knowledge, an important group does not routinely apply them. The justification is mainly due to the difficulty of acquiring and financing the necessary equipment.

3.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 16(1): 17-22, 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1284149

ABSTRACT

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most common neuromuscular diseases. Its evolution with well-defined stages related to motor and functional alterations, allows easily establishing relationships with respiratory function through a simple laboratory assessment including vital capacity (VC) measurements as well as peak cough flows. Without any treatment with respiratory rehabilitation, the main cause of morbidity and mortality is ventilatory failure, secondary to respiratory pump muscles weakness and inefficient cough. The VC plateau is reached during the non-ambulatory stages, generally after 13 years old. Respiratory rehabilitation protocols, including air stacking techniques, manual and mechanical assisted coughing and non-invasive ventilatory support, can effectively addressed the VC decline as well as the decrease in peak cough flows, despite advancing to stages with practically non-existent lung capacity. Non-invasive ventilatory support may be applied after 19 years old, initially at night and then extending it during the day. In this way, survival is prolonged, with good quality of life, avoiding ventilatory failure, endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy. This article proposes staggered interventions for respiratory rehabilitation based on the functional stages expected in the patient with DMD who has lost ambulation.


La distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) es una de las enfermedades neuromusculares más frecuentes. Su curso evolutivo con etapas de declinación en la funcionalidad motora bien definidas, permite fácilmente establecer relaciones con la función respiratoria a través de un laboratorio de evaluación sencilla, básicamente de la capacidad vital (CV) y la capacidad tusígena. Sin intervenciones en rehabilitación respiratoria, la principal causa de morbimortalidad es la insuficiencia ventilatoria secundaria a debilidad de músculos de la bomba respiratoria e ineficiencia de la tos. En las etapas no ambulantes, se alcanza la meseta de la CV, generalmente después de los 13 años, su declinación junto con la disminución de la capacidad tusígena puede ser enfrentada efectivamente con la utilización de protocolos de rehabilitación respiratoria. Estos deben considerar la restitución de la CV con técnicas de insuflación activa o apilamiento de aire, tos asistida manual y mecánica, más soporte ventilatorio no invasivo, inicialmente nocturno después de los 19 años y luego diurno, pese a avanzar a etapas con capacidad pulmonar prácticamente inexistente. De esta manera, se prolonga la sobrevida, con buena calidad de vida, evitando el fallo ventilatorio, eventos de intubación endotraqueal y traqueostomía. Este artículo, hace propuestas escalonadas de intervención en rehabilitación respiratoria basadas en las etapas funcionales esperables en el paciente con DMD que ha perdido la capacidad de marcha.


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Therapy/methods , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/rehabilitation , Scoliosis/rehabilitation , Vital Capacity , Noninvasive Ventilation
4.
An. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Asunción) ; 50(2): 79-88, may-ago. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-884522

ABSTRACT

Los avances tecnológicos y los cuidados respiratorios no invasivos en el tratamiento de las afecciones respiratorias en pacientes con patologías neuromusculares han contribuido a una mejor calidad de vida y sobrevida de los pacientes con enfermedades neuromusculares. Además de la capacitación de los pacientes y sus cuidadores para facilitar la estadía de los mismos en el hogar sin depender de instituciones o cuidados de enfermería permanentes y promoviendo la autonomía e integración. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión de las estrategias y tratamientos brindados a los pacientes con enfermedades neuromusculares y afecciones respiratorias. Resulta esencial que los profesionales de la salud, conozcan todas las opciones terapéuticas posibles para ofrecer a sus pacientes y sus familias, de modo que a medida que la enfermedad avance ellos puedan expresar sus voluntades en forma anticipada y sin apremios derivados de eventos "inesperados". Además es necesario impulsar un cambio de paradigma en la forma en que los profesionales de la salud ven a estos individuos.


Technological advances and proper training for patients with neuromuscular diseases and respiratory problem, including their caregivers, facilitate their stay at home and promote their autonomy and integration, without depending on hospices or permanent nursing care. The objective of this article is to review all the strategies and treatment offered to the patients with neuromuscular diseases. It is essential for health care professionals to know all the therapeutic possibilities offering for their patients and their families, so as the disease progresses it would facilitate the conscious decision-making. Also it is necessary to promote a paradigm shift in the way health professionals approach to individuals with neuromuscular diseases.

5.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 12(3): 103-113, jul. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-999074

ABSTRACT

Non-invasive respiratory care, combining with ventilatory support, initially at night and then during 24 hours/day, even in patients with minimal vital capacity and the implementation of specifics techniques like mechanically assisted coughing, glossopharyngeal breathing and air stacking, have contributed to a better quality of life and survival of patients with neuromuscular diseases. It is essential for health care professionals to know all the therapeutic possibilities for their patients and their families, so as the disease progresses it would facilitate their decision-making. Technological advances and proper training for patients and caregivers facilitate the stay at home and promote their autonomy and integration, without depending on hospital nor permanent nursing care. In November 2016 it was carried out the Noninvasive Ventilatory Support workshop/meeting with more than 200 physicians, physiotherapists, respiratory therapists and nurses in Montevideo, Uruguay. It was conducted by Dr. John Robert Bach, Medical Director of the Center for Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation at Rutgers New Jersey School of Medicine in Newark, New Jersey. Dr Bach is recognized worldwide for his extensive background in studies and publications on noninvasive ventilation and neuromuscular diseases.


Los cuidados respiratorios no invasivos, combinando la asistencia ventilatoria, inicialmente nocturna y luego durante las 24 h del día, incluso en pacientes con capacidad vital mínima, más la implementación de estrategias complementarias de tos asistida, respiración glosofaríngea y apilamiento de aire (air stacking) en forma activa o pasiva han contribuido a una mejor calidad de vida y sobrevida de los pacientes con enfermedades neuromusculares. Resulta esencial que los profesionales de la salud, conozcan todas las opciones terapéuticas al informar a sus pacientes y sus familias, de modo que ellos puedan tomar sus mejores decisiones en la medida que la debilidad e hipoventilación progresen. Los avances tecnológicos, la capacitación de los pacientes y sus cuidadores facilitan su estadía en el hogar sin depender de instituciones o cuidados de enfermería permanentes, promoviendo su autonomía e integración, disminuyendo el riesgo de falla respiratoria conducente a intubación endotraqueal y/o a traqueostomia. Los días 24 y 25 de noviembre del 2016, en Montevideo tuvo lugar un encuentro de capacitación en cuidados respiratorios no invasivos con más de 200 profesionales médicos, kinesiólogos y licenciadas de enfermería, destacando los avances y experiencia consolidad por el Dr. John Bach en más de 30 años de ejercicio profesional en pacientes con síndromes de hipoventilación secundario a enfermedades neuromusculares y otras condiciones que debilitan la bomba respiratoria. Las recomendaciones claves se resumen en este articulo, destacando como estos avances requieren impulsar un cambio de paradigma en la forma en que los profesionales de la salud ven y tratan a estos individuos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Neuromuscular Diseases/complications , Neuromuscular Diseases/therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/physiopathology , Tracheostomy , Insufflation , Cough , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , Hypoventilation/therapy , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology
6.
Br J Med Med Res ; 2016; 14(3): 1-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-182762

ABSTRACT

Objective: To compare the effects of Air Stacking (AS) and Glossopharyngeal Breathing (GPB) on the Maximum Insufflation Capacity (MIC) in patients with Neuromuscular Disease (NMD). Methods: We design a randomized cross-over study. Children and adolescents with NMD who were users of non-invasive mechanical ventilation were recruited. Vital capacity (VC) and MIC were measured before and after the intervention with AS and GPB. Values were compared pre- and post-intervention and were considered statistically significant if p <0.05. Results: We selected 14 patients with a median age of 12.5 years (range 9-18) with the following diagnoses: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (7), Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type II (3), Spinal Cord Injury (1) and Congenital Myopathies (3). The median baseline VC was 1325 ml (CI 1084-1594 ml). AS improved the VC to 1930 mL (CI 1630-2434 mL, p<0.001), and GPB increased the VC to 1600 mL (CI 1370-1960 mL, p=0.001). There was a significant difference of 290 mL (CI 168-567 mL, p<0.002) between both techniques. Conclusion: The air stacking and glossopharyngeal breathing were both effective in increasing the maximum insufflation capacity, but air stacking resulted in a greater increase in MIC.

7.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 972-976, 2011.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-30293

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: For patients with neuromuscular disease, air stacking, which inflates the lungs to deep volumes, is important for many reasons. However, neuromuscular patients with severe glottic dysfunction or indwelling tracheostomy tubes cannot air stack effectively. For these patients, we developed a device that permits deep lung insufflations substituting for glottic function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with bulbar-innervated muscle weakness and/or tracheostomies were recruited. Twenty-three had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and 14 were tetraplegic patients due to cervical spinal cord injury. An artificial external glottic device (AEGD) was used to permit passive deep lung insufflation. In order to confirm the utility of AEGD, vital capacity, maximum insufflation capacity (MIC), and lung insufflation capacity (LIC) with AEGD (LICA) were measured. RESULTS: For 30 patients, MICs were initially zero. However, with the use of the AEGD, LICA was measurable for all patients. The mean LICA was 1,622.7+/-526.8 mL. Although MIC was measurable for the remaining 7 patients without utilizing the AEGD, it was significantly less than LICA, which was 1,084.3+/-259.9 mL and 1,862.9+/-248 mL, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The AEGD permits lung insufflation by providing deeper lung volumes than possible by air stacking.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Forced Expiratory Flow Rates/physiology , Insufflation/instrumentation , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology , Ventilators, Mechanical , Vital Capacity/physiology
8.
Journal of the Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine ; : 346-350, 2007.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-722587

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the air stacking exercise on maximal insufflation capacity (MIC) and peak cough flow (PCF) in patients with neuromuscular diseases. METHOD: Two hundred twenty nine neuromuscular patients with vital capacity (VC) below 50% of the predicted normal value were initially evaluated for VC, MIC, PCF, and assisted PCF (APCF). After the first evaluation, these patients were instructed to carry out air stacking exercise periodically, and were re-evaluated after one year. RESULTS: Forty seven patients were capable of performing air stacking exercise on regular basis, at least twice a day for one year. Among these patients, MIC increased in 28 patients from 1345.4 ml to 1572.9 ml on average (p<0.05), while it decreased in 19 patients from 1740.0 ml to 1325.3 ml on average (p<0.05). In the increasing MIC group APCF increased from 244.6 L/min to 278.1 L/min (p<0.05). In the decreasing MIC group, every value decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: Air stacking exercise was shown to be capable of increasing MIC and APCF despite the reduction in VC and PCF in patients with neuromuscular diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cough , Insufflation , Neuromuscular Diseases , Reference Values , Vital Capacity
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